Coal gangue is a kind of solid waste discharged during coal mining and coal washing. It is a kind of black grey rock with lower carbon content and harder than coal, which is associated with coal seam in the process of coal formation. Including the roadway in the process of tunneling gangue, mining process from the roof, floor and interlayer in the mining of gangue and coal washing process picked out in the process of washing gangue. Its main composition is Al₂O₃、SiO₂, and also contains different amounts of Fe₂O₃、CaO、MgO、Na₂O、K₂O、P2O5、SO₃ and trace rare elements (gallium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt). Coal gangue is a mixture of carbonaceous, argillaceous and sandy shale, with low calorific value, containing 20% ~ 30% carbon, some containing humic acid. Over the years, China has accumulated about 1,000 Mt of coal gangue and continues to emit about 100 Mt annually, not only accumulating land, but also spontaneously polluting the air or causing fires.
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